13.1.2.Building a cross-bank

Rip the road for one or two tractor lengths to the outlet point you have chosen. Then push the loose earth down the roadline to form a bank, commencing at the uphill side of the road and working across to the outlet side. A long, shallow excavation is best.
If you need to cross a drainage line or waterway when constructing a road, use fords, culverts or bridges. Fords cost less and can often be built with little disturbance to the stream bed or banks. If you do use culverts, make sure they are aligned as closely as possible to the natural drainage lines.
Shallow depressions and swampy areas can often be stone-paved or lain with logs side by side across the wheel tracks.

USE DIAGRAMS ON page 41 of LAYNA book.